Adaptive Solar–Electrolysis Architecture for Decentralized Energy Applications: A Preliminary Engineering Assessment

Ahmad Fachrurrozi; Erkata Yandri; Agus Rendi  Wijaya; Marzuirman Marzuirman; Ramadhan Farhan Fadillah; Derry Pradana Nasrul; Ahmad Zulfikri Taning; Aep Saepul Uyun

doi:10.60084/ljes.v4i2.447

Authors

Ahmad Fachrurrozi School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Erkata Yandri School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia; Center of Renewable Energy Studies, Darma Persada University, Jl. Radin Inten 2, Pondok Kelapa, East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Agus Rendi Wijaya School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Marzuirman Marzuirman School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Ramadhan Farhan Fadillah School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Derry Pradana Nasrul School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Ahmad Zulfikri Taning School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia; Center of Renewable Energy Studies, Darma Persada University, Jl. Radin Inten 2, Pondok Kelapa, East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Aep Saepul Uyun School of Renewable Energy - Darma Persada University. Jl. Radin Inten 2. Pondok Kelapa. East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia; Center of Renewable Energy Studies, Darma Persada University, Jl. Radin Inten 2, Pondok Kelapa, East Jakarta 13450, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60084/ljes.v4i2.447

Keywords:

Oxyhydrogen, Photovoltaic intermittency, Battery buffering, Adaptive energy management, Wet-cell electrolysis, Household energy

Abstract

The intermittency of renewable electricity presents a significant challenge for decentralized energy systems in which electrolysis is coupled to variable photovoltaic (PV) generation. This study develops a conceptual adaptive solar–electrolysis architecture for decentralized energy applications by integrating photovoltaic generation, adaptive energy management, battery buffering, wet-cell electrolysis, hydrogen-rich gas handling, safety provisions, and a potential household utilization pathway within a unified system framework. The study uses a conceptual engineering approach and does not include experimental or field measurements; it comprises functional requirement analysis, system architecture development, energy-flow formulation, adaptive operating logic, representative renewable-energy scenarios, functional comparison, and preliminary engineering assessment. Four study-specific conceptual indicators provide a structured basis for future quantitative evaluation: the Adaptive Energy Stability Index (AESI), Electrolysis Continuity Index (ECI), Renewable Adaptation Factor (RAF), and Integrated System Reliability Index (ISRI). These indicators are defined as conceptual assessment frameworks rather than established reliability standards or experimentally validated performance measures. The conceptual analysis formulates adaptive power coordination and finite battery buffering as a mechanism for managing short-term mismatches between photovoltaic generation and electrolysis demand. However, the proposed architecture cannot eliminate the effects of prolonged renewable-energy deficits because battery capacity is finite. Furthermore, when hydrogen and oxygen are not separately collected, the gas pathway considered in this study represents an H₂–O₂/HHO-type gas stream rather than experimentally verified pure hydrogen. Its actual composition, production rate, combustion behavior, and safety characteristics therefore require experimental characterization. The study establishes a preliminary system-level engineering framework for subsequent dynamic modelling, prototype development, quantitative performance assessment, safety validation, techno-economic analysis, and lifecycle environmental evaluation.

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