Context-Dependent Effects of PEG Grade on Lignocellulose Fractionation with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Authors

  • Agnes Amelia Tanjung Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • Julinawati Julinawati Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • Widya Fatriasari Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
  • Zuchra Helwani Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
  • Andriy Anta Kacaribu Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Postgraduate School, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • Rinaldi Idroes Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60084/ljes.v4i2.457

Keywords:

Chemical-equivalent normalization, Lignin stabilization, Carbohydrate retention, Mass transfer, Phase behavior, Solvent rheology

Abstract

This structured critical review evaluated how nominal polyethylene glycol (PEG) grade affects lignocellulose fractionation in deep eutectic solvents using an auditable corpus of 42 retained studies, including three within-study PEG-grade series. The eucalyptus studies showed modest PEG400 advantages for selected responses, whereas a sugarcane-bagasse screen gave the highest lignin removal (83.23%), glucose concentration, and glucose yield at PEG600, with lower cellulose retention than at PEG200/400; multivariable optimization subsequently selected PEG400. These contrasts show that nominal grade is a formulation variable rather than an isolated molecular-weight effect: equal PEG mass changes chain and terminal-hydroxyl concentrations, whereas a fixed choline chloride:PEG molar ratio also changes polymer mass and repeat-unit content. Candidate explanations are organized into four pathways—interaction-network modification; viscosity, diffusion, and steric trade-offs; phase behavior and partitioning; and lignin stabilization/carbohydrate protection. Current evidence supports formulation-dependent grade responses but not a universal grade ranking or numerical optimum. MW-REPORT is proposed to standardize grade characterization, normalization, mediator measurements, and product balances needed for reproducible formulation-specific selection.

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2026-10-23

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Tanjung, A. A., Julinawati, J., Fatriasari, W., Helwani, Z., Kacaribu, A. A., & Idroes, R. (2026). Context-Dependent Effects of PEG Grade on Lignocellulose Fractionation with Deep Eutectic Solvents . Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies, 4(2), 126–150. https://doi.org/10.60084/ljes.v4i2.457

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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): October 2026

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Copyright (c) 2026 Agnes Amelia Tanjung, Julinawati Julinawati, Widya Fatriasari, Zuchra Helwani, Andriy Anta Kacaribu, Rinaldi Idroes

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