Palm Frond Waste as a Carbon Source in the Synthesis of CaO/Biochar Catalysts for the Biodiesel Production Process

Authors

  • Zuchra Helwani Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
  • Said Zul Amraini Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
  • Jecky Asmura Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
  • Thasya Nurfadillah Siregar Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
  • Vanny Efia Triwahyuni Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
  • Ammar Ali Abd College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51002, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60084/hjas.v1i1.9

Keywords:

Biochar, Palm frond, Pyrolysis, Torrefaction

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and determine the characterization of activated CaO/Biochar and identify the effect of the mass ratio of CaO/Biochar and KOH concentration on the activity of CaO/Biochar catalysts for the synthesis of CPO-based biodiesel. CaO was obtained from eggshell waste. Biochar is obtained from palm fronds through a torrefaction process. CaO/Biochar catalyst was synthesized by impregnation process using KOH solution. The biodiesel transesterification process using CaO/Biochar catalysts. XRD analysis results obtained CaO and Ca(OH)2 compounds in the catalyst, and the basicity value of the catalyst was >9.3. The best catalytic activity of the CaO/biochar catalyst was obtained at a mass ratio of 12:10 and a concentration of 20% KOH catalyst, with a biodiesel yield of 75.1%.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Satyanarayana, K. G., Mariano, A. B., Vargas, J. V. C. (2011). A review on microalgae, a versatile source for sustainable energy and materials, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 35, No. 4, 291–311. doi:10.1002/er.1695
  2. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Statistik Kelapa Sawit
  3. Helwani, Z., Othman, M. R., Aziz, N., Fernando, W. J. N., Kim, J. (2009). Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 90, No. 12, 1502–1514. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.07.016
  4. Marinković, D. M., Stanković, M. V., Veličković, A. V., Avramović, J. M., Miladinović, M. R., Stamenković, O. O., Veljković, V. B., Jovanović, D. M. (2016). Calcium oxide as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: Current state and perspectives, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 56, 1387–1408. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.007
  5. Helwani, Z., Fatra, W., Saputra, E., Maulana, R. (2018). Preparation of CaO/Fly ash as a catalyst inhibitor for transesterification process off palm oil in biodiesel production, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 334, 012077. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/334/1/012077
  6. Wei, Z., Xu, C., Li, B. (2009). Application of waste eggshell as low-cost solid catalyst for biodiesel production, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, No. 11, 2883–2885. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.039
  7. Liu, C., Lv, P., Yuan, Z., Yan, F., Luo, W. (2010). The nanometer magnetic solid base catalyst for production of biodiesel, Renewable Energy, Vol. 35, No. 7, 1531–1536. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2009.10.009
  8. Helwani, Z., Fatra, W., Saputra, E., Herman, S. (2016). Pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak sawit off-grade menggunakan katalis CaO/Serbuk besi, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Industri Kimia Dan Sumber Daya Alam, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin
  9. Helwani, Z., Ramli, M., Saputra, E., Putra, Y. L., Simbolon, D. F., Othman, M. R., Idroes, R. (2020). Composite catalyst of palm mill fly ash-supported calcium oxide obtained from eggshells for transesterification of off-grade palm oil, Catalysts, Vol. 10, No. 7, 724
  10. Helwani, Z., Ramli, M., Saputra, E., Bahruddin, B., Yolanda, D., Fatra, W., Idroes, G. M., Muslem, M., Mahlia, T. M. I., Idroes, R. (2020). Impregnation of CaO from Eggshell Waste with Magnetite as a Solid Catalyst (Fe3O4/CaO) for Transesterification of Palm Oil Off-Grade, Catalysts, Vol. 10, No. 2, 164. doi:10.3390/catal10020164
  11. Yaşar, F. (2019). Biodiesel production via waste eggshell as a low-cost heterogeneous catalyst: Its effects on some critical fuel properties and comparison with CaO, Fuel, Vol. 255, 115828. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115828
  12. Ayodeji, A. A., Modupe, O. E., Rasheed, B., Ayodele, J. M. (2018). Data on CaO and eggshell catalysts used for biodiesel production, Data in Brief, Vol. 19, 1466–1473. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.028
  13. Erchamo, Y. S., Mamo, T. T., Workneh, G. A., Mekonnen, Y. S. (2021). Improved biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with mixed methanol–ethanol using enhanced eggshell-derived CaO nano-catalyst, Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1, 6708. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86062-z
  14. Liu, W.-J., Jiang, H., Yu, H.-Q. (2015). Development of Biochar-Based Functional Materials: Toward a Sustainable Platform Carbon Material, Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, No. 22, 12251–12285. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00195
  15. Hadiyanto, H., Afianti, A. H., Navi’a, U. I., Adetya, N. P., Widayat, W., Sutanto, H. (2017). The development of heterogeneous catalyst C/CaO/NaOH from waste of green mussel shell ( Perna varidis ) for biodiesel synthesis, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 5, 4559–4563. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2017.08.049
  16. Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Piao, X. (2008). Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst, Fuel, Vol. 87, No. 2, 216–221. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.013
  17. Umdu, E. S. (2008). Methyl ester production from vegetable oils on heterogeneous basic catalysts, Izmir Institute of Technology (Turkey)

Downloads

Published

2023-06-07

How to Cite

Helwani, Z., Amraini, S. Z., Asmura, J., Siregar, T. N., Triwahyuni, V. E. and Abd , A. A. (2023) “Palm Frond Waste as a Carbon Source in the Synthesis of CaO/Biochar Catalysts for the Biodiesel Production Process”, Heca Journal of Applied Sciences, 1(1), pp. 8–13. doi: 10.60084/hjas.v1i1.9.

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): June 2023

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Zuchra Helwani, Said Zul Amraini, Jecky Asmura, Thasya Nurfadillah Siregar, Vanny Efia Triwahyuni, Ammar Ali Abd

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.